70 Year Old Male Patient with History of Intermittent Hematuria of 5 Month Duration | Papillary carcinoma (PC) is the second most common type of renal cell carcinoma (RCC). PC has specific imaging and clinical features that may help in differentiation from clear cell RCC. At contrast material–enhanced CT and MRI, PC enhances less than other RCC in all phases of contrast-enhanced imaging. The classification of renal cell carcinoma into subtypes is important as it has association with outcome of disease. Results have shown that renal cell carcinoma is not a single disease but, rather, a group of several disease entities [1]. According to the First International Workshop on Renal Cell Carcinoma held by the World Health Organization, renal cell carcinoma can be classified into conventional (i.e., clear cell) renal carcinoma, papillary renal carcinoma, chromophobe renal carcinoma, collecting duct renal carcinoma, and unclassified renal carcinoma. For More Articles: Biomedical Research Articles : https://biomedres.us/

What Does We Know of Chromosome X Fragile | Chromosome X Fragile is the prevalent hereditary cause of intellectual disability. It is an inherited disease linked to the X chromosome, Fragile X syndrome (S X F). Its main clinical manifestation is intellectual disability and affects mainly males, with a prevalence of 1/4000 and females 1/6000. Women are the transmitters. The cause is a mutation on chromosome X9 27.3 and consists of an abnormal expansion of the trinucleotide citicin-guanine-guanine (CGG) in the FMR 1 gene (Fragile X Mental Retardation) in an area not coded at the beginning of the gene. Female of 16 years of age, cesarean birth due to lack of progression and descent, Apgar 9-10 E.G, 38 and 1/2 weeks by clinical examination and Date of last menstruation, placenta with calcifications, Birth weight 2850 gr, size 50 cm. Neonatal examination within normal limits. Normal facies. In the post natal period there is a delay of psychomotor development, walking at 21 months of age, good adaptation to the environment with moments of apparent disconnection of the same. She does not speak but is understood by gestures. The head pediatrician is consulted who does not give importance to the facts and diagnoses that it is a “Slow Maturity”. For More Articles: Journal of Biomedical Research and Reviews : https://biomedres.us/

Niche-Specific Genome Evolution in Gastrointestinal Probiotics | IProbiotics are defined as health-promoting microbes which confer health benefits upon the host. Lactobacillus is regarded as the most diverse probiotic genus which harbors over 200 species among which are many strains with proved functional probiotic characteristics [1-3]. The economic significance of probiotics have courage scientists to study the biochemistry, genomics, phylogeny and physiology of lactobacilli, exhaustively. The genomic data highlighted the probiotic capabilities as strain specific traits which may be a result of the niche-specialization of the genomes of these bacteria to certain ecological niches (in this case the gastrointestinal tract of various animals). Another interesting feature of this genus may be the association between the genome size and the environmental distribution of its species [4,5]. The proposal of a co-evolutionary relationship between these bacteria with their hosts originates from the fact that certain Lactobacillus species have the capability to colonize the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of animals and even some lactobacilli show degrees of hostspecificity in this regard. This evolutionary trend has resulted in a considerable rate of reductive evolution which is mirrored in their small genomes. For More articles: Scientific Research Articles on Biomedical : https://biomedres.us/

Is Low Grade Infection a Contributing Factor of Disc Degeneration? | Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVD) has a multi factorial origin. Genetic and environmental factors are major determinants. However the pathomechanisms of IVD is inadequately understood. Low grade infection has also been implicated, however, its scientific rigor has been questioned. This article reviews the current literature in this field. Evidence suggests that low grade infection can also be imputed as a potential causative factor of IVD and perhaps serves as a paradigm shift of our current thinking in this entity. Our current consensus is that the underlying causes of disc degeneration are multi factorial but in many aspects obscured. Different factors including ageing, genetic predisposition, mechanical loading, metabolic disorders, toxins and infection acting independently or collectively activate or contribute to the degeneration cascade [1]. However, a generally accepted disease model has not been established. In a recently published paper the authors suggested a vicious circle as a model of the disease which involves abnormal mechanical forces, catabolic cell response, and alterations in extracellular matrix [2]. They also suggest that low grade infection could possibly trigger cells to decay the extracellular matrix of the intervertebral disc. For More Articles: Biomedical Journal Impact Factor : https://biomedres.us/

Desmoplastic Medulloblastoma with Atypical Presentation in an Adult Patient: A Case Report | Medulloblastomas are usually in desmoplastic type in adults. This type of medulloblastoma is generally a well-circumscribed tumor. In this report we present an adult patient with desmoplastic medulloblastoma with atypical appearance on magnetic resonance imaging mimicking cerebellar infarction, infectious or demyelinating diseases. He was followed for atypical radiological imaging with misdiagnoses of those diseases. However, histological diagnosis was desmoplastic type medulloblastoma. Medullablastoma(MB) that is the most frequently seen malignant brain tumor in childhood constitutes less than 1% of the brain tumors in adults [1], and nearly 50% of them was in desmoplastic type [2]. It has been reported that adult MB is also distinct from pediatric MB in genomic aberrations, histopathology, and prognostic outcomes [3-5]. Unlike childhood cases, adult MBs tend to be desmoplastic in histological type and to locate at cerebellar hemisphere rather than cerebellar vermis [2]. The adult desmoplastic tumors are usually well-circumscribed tumors and they can be easily dissected and resected. However, it has been reported that they may rarely be presented within atypicalinfiltrative appearance [6,7]. We reported an adult patient with an infiltrating diffuse desmoplastic MB affecting both cerebellar hemispheres and vermis. For More Articles: Biomedical Journal Articles : https://biomedres.us/

Severe Single Dose Methotrexate Neurological Toxicity after Treatment for Ectopic Pregnancy: A Case Report | Ectopic pregnancy is a serious, yet not uncommon condition in gynecologic practice. When treatment of an ectopic pregnancy is feasible by a medical means –the mainstay of treatment is by intramuscular injection of methotrexate (MTX) [1]. MTX treatment can be given by a single dose or by a multiple dose regimens. The single dose regimen is preferred usually due to is high efficacy, low adverse effect profile and low cost [2]. An adverse effect are usually mild and self-limited and has the incidence of about 10-30% [3]. Most common adverse effects are those effecting the mucosal tissue such as stomatitis and diarrhea. We hereby present a young healthy woman who had severe and rare neurological adverse event after single dose MTX treatment. Severe methotrexate neurological adverse event due to medical treatment of an ectopic pregnancy is presented. Severe adverse effects are rare among patiens treated for ectopic pregnancy with MTX. , it should be used with caution and severe toxicity should be kept in mind with high index of awareness for any symptoms development after the treatment. For More Articles: Biomedical Open Access Journals : https://biomedres.us/

Lingual Orthodontics: The Changing Trends| Lingual braces are one of the “invisible” treatment methods for correction of malaligned teeth for the most part, they look like conventional dental braces that have been mounted on the backside (lingual, tongue side) of the teeth. This hides them from view, making them unnoticeable to others. For more Articles: Journals on Medical Informatics https://biomedres.us/

70 Year Old Male Patient with History of Intermittent Hematuria of 5 Month Duration| Papillary carcinoma (PC) is the second most common type of renal cell carcinoma (RCC). PC has specific imaging and clinical features that may help in differentiation from clear cell RCC. At contrast material–enhanced CT and MRI, PC enhances less than other RCC in all phases of contrast-enhanced imaging. For more Articles: Journals on Medical Intervention https://biomedres.us/

What Does We Know of Chromosome X Fragile| Chromosome X Fragile is the prevalent hereditary cause of intellectual disability. It is an inherited disease linked to the X chromosome, Fragile X syndrome (S X F). Its main clinical manifestation is intellectual disability and affects mainly males, with a prevalence of 1/4000 and females 1/6000. Women are the transmitters. The cause is a mutation on chromosome X9 27.3 and consists of an abnormal expansion of the trinucleotide citicin-guanine-guanine (CGG) in the FMR 1 gene (Fragile X Mental Retardation) in an area not coded at the beginning of the gene. For more Articles: Journals on Medical Genetics https://biomedres.us/

Niche-Specific Genome Evolution in Gastrointestinal Probiotics| IProbiotics are defined as health-promoting microbes which confer health benefits upon the host. Lactobacillus is regarded as the most diverse probiotic genus which harbors over 200 species among which are many strains with proved functional probiotic characteristics [1-3]. The economic significance of probiotics have courage scientists to study the biochemistry, genomics, phylogeny and physiology of lactobacilli, exhaustively. For more Articles: Journal on medical Informatics https://biomedres.us/