Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs): A Global Challenge | Economic development, education, food security and access to health care and immunization programs in developed countries have resulted in dramatic decreases in under nutrition related diseases. Unfortunately, numerous factors have also led to unhealthy behaviors, inappropriate diets and lack of physical activity which has intensified the development of chronic diseases also known as non-communicable diseases (NCDs). These NCDs are now the main contributors to the health burden in developed and developed countries. In 2002, 28.2 million global deaths (58.6%) were from NCDs. In the same year the predicted mortality for 2020 was 49.6 million (72.6% of all deaths). This is an increase from 448 to 548 deaths per 100,000, despite an overall downward trend in mortality rates. Although the burden will fall increasingly on developing countries, NCDs remain the major cause of death in developed countries. For More Articles: Journal of Scientific and Technical Research : https://biomedres.us/

Formulation and Evaluation of Aciclovir Loaded Novel Gelfor Topical Application | The main objective of this work was to examine the capacity of a nano emulsion formulation for topical application of Acyclovir. Various o/w Nano emulsion were prepared by using drop by drop addition method. By constructing pseudo phase ternary diagram Nano emulsion area was identified. The optimized formulation of Nanoemulsions were subjected to thermodynamic stability tests. After stability study, stable formulation were characterized for droplet size, polydispersity index and viscosity. Using Franz Diffusion cell and abdominal skin of rat, permeation of Acyclovir was determined. After 8 hours, Formulation NEG1 shows 90.98 % of drug permeation through the rat abdominal skin and the marketed cream shows 50.59 % of drug permeation. 50 % of the drug permeation through the skin was shows after the 3 hours which in formulation NEG1 shows the increase in permeation rat abdominal skin layers as compare the marketed cream was probably due to the mean size of internal phase droplets, which were significantly smaller in Nanoemulsions. Nanoemulsion is a novel and commercially feasible approach to improve the Topical delivery of Acyclovir and has potential to increasing the skin permeability, improving stability. For More Articles: Biomedical Science Articles : https://biomedres.us/

Processes in Engineering via Art | Emeritus Professor of Chemical Engineering Department, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev (Israel) Engineering is the application of scientific, economic, social and practical knowledge, in order to build and maintain structures, machines, devices, systems, materials and processes. One who practices engineering is called an engineer. A process is a set of interrelated tasks that, together, transform inputs into outputs. It should be emphasized that the most important step in an engineering process is the design process that is the formulation of a plan to help an engineer build a product with a specified performance goal. This process involves a number of steps, and parts of the process may need to be repeated many times before production of a final product can begin. The combination of process and engineering, namely Process Engineering focuses on the design, operation, control, and optimization of chemical, physical, and biological processes through the aid of systematic computer-based methods. For More Articles: Biomedical Research Articles : https://biomedres.us/

Postural Difference in Expiratory Rate among Female Sanitary Workers and Its Relationship with Blood Pressure and Anthropometric Indices | Numerous studies have documented the adverse effects of occupational hazards on respiratory functions. The present study hypothesized that: Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR) of Nigerian premenopausal sanitary workers was neither affected by standing nor sitting: and that neither standing nor sitting PEFR had relationship with Systolic Blood pressure (SBP), Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP), Mean Arterial Pressure, Body Mass Index (BMI), weight, height and age. In order to test these hypotheses, a population of 48 premenopausal professionals consisting of 24 sanitary workers and 24 teachers were selected after satisfying the inclusion criteria. Measurements were obtained using Wright Flow Meter, Meter Rule, Weighing scale and Sphygmomanometer. The result of the study indicated that the PEFR of the sanitary workers were significantly reduced (P< 0.05) during standing and sitting. Moreover, despite the significant decrease (P<0.05) in SBP, DBP, MAP, BMI and Weight of sanitary workers, only sitting PEFR showed a correlation (r= -0.478, P<0.05) with BMI. Therefore, we concluded that there was postural difference in PEFR of Nigerian female sanitary workers and sitting PEFR related inversely with BMI. For More Articles: Journal of Biomedical Research and Reviews : https://biomedres.us/

Finite Element Study: Locus of Axis of Rotation of T11-T12 and T12-L1 Segments under Flexion/Extension and Axial Rotation Configurations | In human, the thoracolumbar junction (TLJ) is a transitional region where the normal kyphotic thoracic region shifts to the normal lordotic lumbar region; the coronally oriented facet joints of the thoracic region transform to the sagitally oriented facet joints of the lumbar; and the relatively immobile thoracic region changes to the relatively mobile lumbar region. The different anatomical characteristics at the functional spinal units (FSUs) of T11- T12 and T12-L1 provide an opportunity to study the associations between pathoanatomical changes in these two levels. Hence, it is of interest to investigate the biomechanical responses of the spinal motion segments T11-T12 and T12-L1, which possess the transitional vertebra T12, to determine whether the biomechanical kinematic properties reflect these anatomical changes between these FSUs. The movement of a FSU is dependent upon several parameters, namely its complex geometry, facet articulations and material characteristics of the ligament us tissues, intervertebral discs, and upon the applied load vectors. For More Articles: Biomedical Science Articles : https://biomedres.us/

How Good is Your Estuarine Water? | The coastal and estuarine zone of West Bengal is noted for its rich biodiversity owing to the presence of Sundarbans mangrove ecosystem. However, due to intense industrialization and urbanization, many of the pockets have become ecologically sensitive. The present paper is an attempt to evaluate the Ecologically Sensitive Zone (ESZ) through enumeration of Aquatic Health Index (AHI). In the present programme, three stations in and around Indian Sundarbans namely Canning, Junput and Sagar Island were selected and the aquatic health index value of these stations varied as per the order Sagar Island > Canning > Junput. The lower value of the index reflects deteriorated condition of the coastal water due to excessive industrial, agricultural and domestic run-off. The high values of the index are the indicators of congenial coastal environment. For More Articles: Biomedical Research Articles : https://biomedres.us/

If we Are what We Eat, How Have Decreases in Nutritional Densities of Food Affected Health? | Since 1950, the overall nutritional density of crops has significantly decreased. Variations in minerals and vitamins can be directly attributed to: increased productivity = decreased nutritional values, increased soil use without fertilizers = less fertile soils, and choice of cultivars. This change in nutritional density means that in order to get more nutrients from what we eat means we need to eat more, make changes in agricultural practices, and/or adapt a supplement program that insures delivery of active ingredients. For More Articles: Journal of Biomedical Research and Reviews : https://biomedres.us/

Effect of Integrated Nutrient Management on Growth and Yield Parameters of Maize (zea mays l.) As well as Soil Physicochemical Properties | A field experiment was conducted during the winter season of 2013 at a main research field of the School of Agriculture Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab (India) to study the influence of integrated nutrient management on growth and yield parameters of maize (Zea mays l.) as well as soil physico-chemical properties. The growth parameters (plant height and leaf area) were found to be highest under INM (Integrated Nutrient Management) of poultry manure (PM) or farm yard manure (FYM)and recommended dose of fertilizers (RDF) which are statistically on par but comparatively higher than T₁ (100% RDF). The yield parameters (number of grains per cob, cobs weight per plant, Test weight and stover yield) were significantly higher under INM compared to T₁ (100% RDF). Furthermore, post harvest soil physico-chemical properties (organic carbon and available nitrogen) were significantly improved under T₃ (5t PM + 50% RDF), whereas soil available phosphorus was recorded maximum under T₅ (5t PM + 100% RDF) compared to control and rest of the treatments combination. Therefore, the integration of 50% RDF along with either 5 t/ha FYM or PM or both resulted in maximum maize productivity on par compared with sole used of 100% RDF. For More Articles: Scientific Research Articles on Biomedical : https://biomedres.us/

An Unusual Case of Statin-Related Myopathy | A 68 year male patient (KB) presented in August 2014 with profound muscle weakness of the hip and legs. Treatment with an 8 cycle regimen of CHOP for NHL 10 years earlier led to complete remission. He had also been treated for BPH with doxazosin, finasteride, and tadalafil. He was otherwise in good health with an eGFR of 77 mL/min. Rosuvastain had maintained lipid levels below targeted values for two years. He was subsequently referred to a neurologist (PZ). Radiological, laboratory, and neuromuscular tests were negative. KB abstained from rosuvastatin beginning in March, 2015. Subjective feelings and objective measures of muscle weakness began improving. Pravastatin 20mg challenge exacerbated weakness, and was stopped. Weakness improved until atorvastatin was initiated in October 2015, but was discontinued after only two doses when leg weakness worsened. The patient has been statin-free since November, 2015. On follow-up on February 10, 2016 muscle strength was objectively normal. For More Articles: Biomedical Journal Articles : https://biomedres.us/

Art and Science Newton’s Third Law: Action = Reaction | Newton’s Third Law has been active in the universe as from its creation although it was stated by him only in 1687. Isaac Newton, an English natural philosopher and the most original and influential thinker in the history of science was born on 1642 and died in 1727. His three laws of motion and the law of universal gravitation, which were the keystone of the scientific revolution in the 17^th century, made it possible to design airplanes, spaceships and satellites, etc. The third law states that when one body exerts a force on the other body, then the second body exerts a force equal in magnitude and opposite in direction on the first body, namely, action = reaction. According to Newton, forces always appear in pairs where each force acts on the other body. Mathematically the law is expressed by F12 = F21 where F designates force, 1 designates object 1 and 2 is object 2 where F12 is the force exerted by body 1 on body 2 and similarly F21. For More Articles: Biomedical Open Access Journals : https://biomedres.us/