According to the World Health Organization (WHO)’s “First Global Report on Antibiotic Resistance”, and the U.S. Centers for Disease Control & Prevention (CDC&P), the spread of “superbugs” – bacteria that have changed in ways that render antibiotics ineffective against them – is a serious and growing threat around the world. Once common treatments for everyday intestinal and urinary tract infections, pneumonia, infections in newborn, and diseases like gonorrhea are no longer working in people. Thus, in 2013, 2 million people in the U.S. were infected with antibiotic-resistant bacteria, and 23,000 of them die each year as a result. For More: Biomedical Research Articles

Rubella virus when contracted by pregnant women, causes serious complications including rubella syndrome (CRS). Sensorineural hearing loss is one of the most common complication associated with CRS. In developing countries like India, the awareness towards rubella vaccine is minimal. The aim of the study is to evaluate the awareness and attitudes of young females towards rubella vaccination. The study was carried out in female subjects from a medical college (n=100) and an arts college (n=100). Based on the previous literature, a questionnaire was developed and was distributed to the subjects after validity testing. There is a significance difference in the awareness level of rubella vaccine between the two groups. Majority of the non-medical students are unaware of the existence of rubella disease. The study reveals the lack of awareness programs about rubella disease in Tamilnadu. For More: Biomedical Journal

We studied the morphological and histochemical changes in muscle biopsies from 6 cases with myasthenia gravis (MG), The patients were misdiagnosed at the initial presentation however they were all proved later by either histochmical and serological tests or improvement on mestinone therapy. Here, we described the changes seen in muscle biopsies of MG with atypical clinical presentation: atrophy of type II fibers; predominance of type I fibers; increased NADH staining at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ). The most consistent finding is marked reduction in acetylcholinesterease (AChE) activity at the end plates in all cases. The results of this study suggest that histochemical and acetylcholinesterase stains, in combination with clinical assessment can help to identify unsuspected cases of MG and can help to target the appropriate clinical investigations. For More: Biomedical Research Articles

Urban vegetation, particularly trees provides a wide spectrum of ecosystem services which include upgradation of air quality, stabilizing temperature, reduction in ultraviolet radiation, oxygen generation, carbon sequestration, habitat of several flora and fauna (enhancement of biodiversity) aesthetic beauty etc. Oxygen production is one of the most commonly cited benefits of urban trees. The purpose of this article is to estimate the oxygen production by the dominant trees in the urban area of Konnagar, compare it with the estimated oxygen consumption by the population of the area and illustrate why oxygen production by urban trees is an important ecosystem service. For More: Biomedical Research Articles

Stroke is a leading cause of adult disability worldwide and the second highest cause of death in the world. Mortality rate is about 20% and another third are left with permanent disability. Treatments for stroke are based on methods that restore the flow of blood to the brain, such as clot-busting enzymes, surgery, and drugs for thinning blood, stopping clots and protecting neurons. Scientists believe that mesenchymal stem cell protection may be due to secretion of growth factors that promote growth of new neurons, regulate the immune system and stimulate the formation of new blood vessel, Or due to neurogenesis. Autologous bone marrow derived mononuclear cells with closed method is very near to minimal manipulation and low risk procedure. For More: Journal of Biomedical Research and Reviews

People looking at Mona Lisa, the famous artwork of Leonardo Da Vinci, believe that she looks at them from every direction they look at her. However in a survey the author has conducted, that has never been done before, 500 people were asked to look at her from right, front and left sides. The results were surprising and negate the well-known myth that Mona Lisa looks at the observer from all directions viewed. Only 65% confirmed that Mona Lisa gave back a look to them. In addition 93% confirmed that Mona Lisa was looking at them while observing at her from the right, 72% from the front and 78% from the left. For More: Biomedical Journal

One of the hottest topics in the 21^st century is “probiotics“. A although probiotics are now world wide spread and many papers, research and studies are performed about it , but still it is not completely explored , researches are done to test it in every communicable and non-communicable disease and still going on [1]. The field of paediatric gastroenterology and especially intestinal infection is the interest of most pediatricians. Probiotic as a definition “which changed over the years” is: a “live microorganisms which, when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit on the host” [2]. Probiotics are viable microbial dietary supplement. They are living micro-organisms used as food additives having a beneficial effect on the host by improving digestion and intestinal hygiene [3,4]. There are many function and characteristic in probiotics, but its use in gastrointestinal diseases is unique. For More: Biomedical Science Articles

The following information is important to you, and if married or have a partner, to that person as well. This paper is designed to bring to your attention basic information important to the newly diagnosed prostate cancer patient. As a mentor, I would want to know the answers to several questions. That would include PSA blood levels leading up to the present, and if a biopsy has already been performed, how many tissue samples were extracted, of that number how many showed evidence of prostate cancer and from what location(s), Gleason Score assigned to each of those individual tissue samples, and the percentage of cancer noted on each of those individual samples. For More: Journal of Biomedical Research and Reviews

This brief review presents the international approaches to assessment of the content of geotaxis impurities (residual solvents and various inorganic and organic impurities) in pharmaceuticals. Nowadays, it has become necessary to provide not only purity profile but also impurity profile of a particular pharmaceutical product because of national and international regulations. These aspects along with significance of the quality, efficacy and safety of pharmaceuticals, including the source of impurities, kinds of impurities, control of impurities and regulatory aspects are discussed. For More: Biomedical Journal

Sydney System Classification was designed to provide simple practical guidelines for reporting of the endoscopic appearances of gastric mucosa. The “Up-Dated Sydney System” provided a helpful “Visual Analogue Scale” for grading of histological parameters. Data on Helicobacter pylori gastritis is sparse from Nepal; hence this study is conducted to apply the Up-Dated Sydney Classification and grading of H. pylori gastritis for their diagnostic evaluation. For More: Biomedical Journals Publishers